Perilymph Fistula PDF What is Motion Sickness? - VeDA Vestibular Activities - The OT Toolbox For many who are plagued by a sensitive vestibular system, FDA-approved motion sickness bands are an inexpensive source of relief that doesn't require the use of drugs or chemicals. When exposed to this stimulus repeatedly, motion sickness symptoms diminish as the subjects habituate. 45 Essential Vestibular Activities and Input Ideas - Your ... ceptible to motion sickness have a more intense vestibular reaction than nonsusceptible subjects, as measured by a reported turning sensation, cu­ pulometry, or a caloric ENG test (1-8). If you are seeing patients with vestibular disorders, it's likely you have patients with motion sensitivity. I am totally a vestibular avoider - especially when it comes to spinning! What to Know About Vestibular Migraine | AMF It is thought to be caused by conflict between the vestibular, visual, and other proprioceptive systems.. motion sickness when the body is not in motion and a person is viewing a screen. Vestibular sensitivity in vestibular migraine: VEMPs and ... The Link Between Motion Sickness and Migraines Sensory conflict theory posits that sickness will occur when a user's perception of self-motion is based on incongruent sensory inputs from the visual system, vestibular system, and non-vestibular proprioceptors, and particularly so when these inputs are at odds with the user's expectation based on prior experience. Canine idiopathic vestibular disease, sometimes called "old dog disease" or "old rolling dog syndrome," can be very scary for pet parents. Always ride where your eyes will see the same motion that your body and inner ears feel, such as the front seat of a car while looking at the distant scenery. Motion sickness is the unwanted side-effect of passive transportation, with pallor, cold It is like an exercise for muscle building. Vestibular neuronitis results in is a paroxysmal attack of severe vertigo. August 7, 2001: Imagine waking up, startled by the bright flash of a cosmic ray inside your eyes. Since similar symptoms are also commonly experi-enced with acute vestibular disease, motion sickness is fre-quently attributed simply to "vestibular overstimulation." Effects of vestibular training on motion sickness, nystagmus, and subjective vertical Pitch head-and-trunk movements during constant velocity rotation are a provocative vestibular stimulus that produces vertigo and nausea. Motion sickness is the cause of major physical discomfort and impaired performance in many susceptible individuals. You may not have considered motion sickness as a "sensory issue" however, it is clearly a response due to . There are two types of motion sensitivity: (1) visually induced dizziness (AKA Visual Vertigo) and (2) true motion sickness. Sensory Processing: The Vestibular System - The Autism Helper The vestibular organs are located in both left and right inner ears, and their misalignment can be a source of self-motion related sensory conflicts. The activation of the vestibular system leads to feeling dizzy after someone spins around like a top. Motion sickness can start suddenly, with a queasy feeling and cold sweats. Riding as a passenger. a functioning vestibular system is necessary for the per­ ception of motion sickness.' For this reason, many of the same drugs are used to treat both conditions. Motion sickness is seen during travel by land . Affected animals may also yawn, whine, or show signs of uneasiness and apprehension; severely affected animals may also develop diarrhea. It can then lead to dizziness and nausea and vomiting. We did not find support for peripheral vestibular hypersensitivity in terms of lower VEMP threshold among VM patients, but they are more sensitive . Every individual requires vestibular sensory input in natural development. Motion sickness is caused by a mismatch in the cues coming from your eyes, your vestibular (balance) system, and the movement sensors in your brain.. Riding on a fast roller coaster or having a bumpy plane ride may stimulate the vestibular system which then leads to motion sickness. In addition, patients can experience brain fog, fatigue or difficulty finding words as well as other symptoms such as dry mouth, sweating, diarrhea, excessive yawning, tingling, scalp tenderness and visual blurring. According to a Medline Search, 5768 articles use the terms "motion sickness" or "kinetosis" (date 13-05-2018). Motion sickness is generally "thought to take place when there is a mismatch between the information that the brain receives from the inner ear balance mechanism (vestibular system) and what the eyes 'see'" (Better Health Victoria). I am totally a vestibular avoider - especially when it comes to spinning! The sensation is generally thought to be due to a sensory mismatch between vestibular, visual and proprioceptive sensory input. A useful set of rules was proposed by Stott [ 36 ], which, if broken, will lead to motion sickness: Rule 1. a) Atropine . Content disclaimer. Motion sickness tends to occur when the input from the proprioceptive, vestibular and visual are mixed or in conflict. The conflict causes the same symptoms as classic motion sickness. Motion sickness is a common problem in people traveling by car, train, airplanes and especially boats. Listen to this story via streaming audio, a downloadable file, or get help. Humans can become confused and disoriented -- and even a little queasy -- in an alien world where up and down have no meaning. But is it for .   Pregnant women or those who experience migraines are also more likely to get . Do not be afraid of your dizziness. Although Eyeson-Annan et al8 reported that visual stimuli were more provocative of motion sickness symptoms than either vestibular stimuli alone or a combination of visual and vestibular stimuli, all Kendal Reddell, PT, DPT, NCS. Abstract Objectives: To determine the relationship between vestibular migraine (VM) and motion sickness (MoS) susceptibility and their comorbidity in a large student population, and to assess whether experiencing MoS is associated with higher susceptibility for VM. In Part 2 of her two part series on motion sensitivity, Stephanie gives some great exercise options for motion desensitization. If you think your motion sickness is affecting your quality of life, working with a physical therapist is advisable. Sensory conflicts leading to motion sickness can occur not only between but also within sensory modalities. Motion sickness is complicated and can be caused by three different sources of detecting movement in the body, which include the vestibular system, proprioceptive system, and visual input . 1 This reaction is considered largely physiological; a sign of our brain receiving conflicting signals on our own postural position in relation to a moving external . Only you can build up the tolerance in your brain to overcome your dizziness. Objectives: To determine the relationship between vestibular migraine (VM) and motion sickness (MoS) susceptibility and their comorbidity in a large student population, and to assess whether experiencing MoS is associated with higher susceptibility for VM.. Methods: Surveys including Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (MSSQ) and questions assessing migraine-related symptoms as well . motion sickness during visual-vestibular conflicts only if they were required to maintain posture, as opposed to being restrained or supported. The vestibular system is a somatosensory portion of the nervous system that provides us with the awareness of the spatial position of our head and body (proprioception) and self-motion (kinesthesia).). Vestibular-only motion sickness is being provoked when conflicts occur among different sensory signals of the vestibular system. 2021-04-06 A Visual-Vestibular Model to Predict Motion Sickness Response in Passengers of Autonomous Vehicles 2021-01-0104 Multiple models to estimate motion sickness (MS) have been proposed in the literature; however, few capture the influence of visual cues, limiting the models' ability to predict MS that closely matches experimental MS data. Those symptoms of motion sickness occur when your vestibular system, the brain's way of keeping track of your body in space, doesn't match what your visual system is telling your brain. Mixed Up in Space. You may not have considered motion sickness as a "sensory issue" however, it is clearly a response due to . Motion sickness is a common problem experienced after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can be felt during various activities that require you to shift focus from close to far objects. They may get motion sickness easily and they hate leaning head back to get hair washed. c) Scopolamine . Affected individuals may also experience rapid breathing (hyperventilation), headache, restlessness, and drowsiness. Migraineurs (VM > M) reported more motion sickness than healthy controls (p = 0.006). Motion sickness is a syndrome provoked by sensory conflict that involves the vestibular system with symptoms resembling those of common neuro-otological disorders including vestibular neuritis (VN) and vestibular migraine (VM). It is induced by specific forms of motion, particularly repetitive angular and linear acceleration and deceleration, or as a result of conflicting vestibular, visual . Motion sickness remains a prevalent reminder of the complexity of our balance system. Part II: Pharmacologic treatment Timothy P.Zajonc, MD; Peter S. Roland, MD Editor's note "Vertigo and motion sickness. When your body's sensory organs get mixed . Vestibular Exercises . The usual symptoms include dizziness, pale skin (pallor), and sweating, followed by nausea and vomiting. For instance, motion sickness may strike when a person is reading a book while traveling by car. Abstract Vertigo is a sensation ofmovement when no movement is actually occurring. A 2005 pilot study suggested that a Triptan medication commonly used to treat migraine could reduce motion sickness caused by vestibular stimulation. If motion sickness can be influenced by the cognitive aspects described above, this would offer new methods to counteract this malady. Everyday activities that may cause motion sickness include: Driving. Motion sickness is characterized by signs referable to stimulation of the vestibular and autonomic nervous systems, including excessive salivation and vomiting. Abstract Vertigo is a sensation ofmovement when no movement is actually occurring. There is almost always a history of motion sensitivity (such as car sickness) since childhood, and migraine headaches at some point in the person's lifetime, even if they last occurred decades ago. 581-4. The peripheral portion of the vestibular system consists of the vestibular labyrinth, vestibular ganglion, and . Here we explore the effects of cognition on a different aspect of vestibular processing, namely motion sickness. Vestibular neuronitis is an inflammation of the vestibular nerve and may be caused by a virus. Descriptions of motion sickness date back to Hippocrates, who noted that "sailing on the sea shows that motion disorders the body" (Hippocrates, The Nature of Man).Investigations that have examined the symptoms, predictors, and causes of motion sickness and the underlying mechanisms involved in motion sickness have revealed that a conflict of visual and vestibular information, as it . Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. To the untrained eye, the symptoms may mimic serious, life threatening conditions such as stroke or a brain tumor. Adding a few vestibular activities to the day allows for long-lasting effects. Motion sickness is a symptom complex that usually includes nausea, often accompanied by vague abdominal discomfort, vomiting, dizziness, pallor, diaphoresis, and related symptoms. If sensory conflict from the step-velocity of the rotational chair elicits motion sickness, the SPEV TC and PRD in individuals with varying susceptibility to motion sickness should be affected. The main cause of motion sickness is a conflict in sensory information between your visual and vestibular system, so the best means to manage symptoms are to prevent them from occurring. Your brain senses movement by getting signals from your inner ears, eyes, muscles and joints. Reading in the car, train, or bus. Introduction . It is induced by specific forms of motion, particularly repetitive angular and linear acceleration and deceleration, or as a result of conflicting vestibular, visual . For example, reading a book in a car on a winding road can produce motion sickness, whereby the accelerations experienced by . Some habituate to sea conditions, whereas others remain chronically susceptible, requiring lifelong pharmaceutical treatment. Some people are more prone to motion sickness than others. EEG brain sensing technology is becoming increasingly accessible . These conflicts depend on how signals from the semicircular canals, providing transient head rotation velocity signal, and from otolith organs, detecting the gravitoinertial force vector, are integrated. macology underlying motion sickness largely remains a puzzle. Seasickness, carsickness and airsickness are ubiq-uitous phenomena for which nausea and vomiting often occur. The usual symptoms include dizziness, pale skin (pallor), and sweating, followed by nausea and vomiting. Vestibular sensory input is a powerful tool in helping children with sensory needs. It requires regular, capacity-extending work to build up strength or tolerance. Selection of a particular type of drug therapy can be facilitated by an understanding of the essential anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system and the associated vomiting reflex. Motion sickness is caused by a conflict between signals arriving in the brain from the inner ear, which forms the base of the vestibular system, the sensory apparatus that deals with movement and balance, and which detects motion mechanically. Although a number of conditions can produce motion sickness, it is generally thought that it is evoked from a mismatch in sensory cues between vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive signals (Yates, Miller, & Lucot, 1998). Affected individuals may also experience rapid breathing (hyperventilation), headache, restlessness, and drowsiness. In the current study, using inner ear magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether morphological asymmetry of the bilateral vestibular . Further, EEG detection of motion sickness could potentially be used on a real-time basis to predict and prevent motion sickness. With motion sickness, there is often a mismatch between what the eyes, the muscles and joints, and the vestibular organs in the inner ear sense. 24 April, 2020. History and Physical The symptoms of motion sickness can be diverse, ranging from the most common, nausea and vomiting, too cold sweating, pallor, headache, drowsiness, yawning, loss of appetite and increased salivation. motion sickness during visual-vestibular conflicts only if they were required to maintain posture, as opposed to being restrained or supported. Part I: Vestibular anatomy and physiology," appeared in the September 2005 issue of ENT JOURNAL, pp. 1 INTRODUCTION. Other symptoms of vestibular migraine include feelings of disorientation, confusion, motion sickness when you move your head, eyes or body, light-headedness, and nausea or vomiting. Vestibular system anatomy. Vestibular Rehab in Patients with Motion Sensitivity. If you have a vestibular episode during a migraine attack, you may also experience classic migraine symptoms like throbbing or pulsating pain in one side of your . Motion sickness is a common syndrome that occurs upon exposure to certain types of motion. Part I: Vestibular anatomy and physiology," appeared in the September 2005 issue of ENT JOURNAL, pp. Given that vestibular sensation is critical to the pathogenesis of motion sickness (Paillard et al., 2013), our results seem to be consistent with these previous findings that the IPS plays a role . Motion sickness is generally "thought to take place when there is a mismatch between the information that the brain receives from the inner ear balance mechanism (vestibular system) and what the eyes 'see'" (Better Health Victoria). Despite the differences described, no vestibular test or any other physiological measurement has been employed to categorize individual motion sick­ Conclusion: The results indicate more pathology in the VEMP circuitry in migraineurs than in healthy controls. While habituation doesn't occur overnight . Some children may underrespond to vestibular input. Motion sickness is caused by non-adapted motion stimuli and due to inter-sensory perceptual incongruence between the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory system [1]. Clumsiness or frequent falling Often moving slowly/cautiously Frequent motion sickness/dizziness Appearing to never become dizzy with excessive spinning Riding as a passenger. For example, infants and toddlers rarely get motion sickness but kids aged 2-9 years are more susceptible. This has been called pseudo-motion sickness and is caused by the conflicting information between the visual and vestibular systems: the eyes are detecting motion while the vestibular system is not. Everyday activities that may cause motion sickness include: Driving. Many with vestibular migraine also report a history of motion sensitivity or motion sickness beginning in childhood. Visual-vestibular: motion of the head in one direction must result in motion of the external visual scene in the opposite direction; Rule 2. Every individual requires vestibular sensory input in natural development. Vestibular sensory input is a powerful tool in helping children with sensory needs. The good news is that this condition is not as serious as it looks. Stephanie Yip is one of our vestibular therapists here at Ladner Village Physiotherapy. Dysfunction in the vestibular apparatus itself, or in these reflex circuits can lead to feelings of dizziness, imbalance, headaches, nausea, visual sensitivity, and motion sickness. . The symptoms of motion sickness can be mild or quite severe. The present study sets out to investigate whether galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) coupled with rotatory chair stimulation could mimic sea conditions . There are two types of motion sensitivity: (1) visually induced dizziness (AKA Visual Vertigo) and (2) true motion sickness. They all love & are not fearful of tire swings, platform swings etc, but literally vomit a few minutes later after a round on it. This system is responsible for everything from keeping your balance (and recovering when you lose it) to holding your eyes steady as your head bobs and turns. Sensory conflicts leading to motion sickness can occur not only between but also within sensory modalities. Vestibular Disease, also known as Old Dog Syndrome, may also be a cause of sudden and random motion sickness most often in older dogs but occasionally in younger dogs as well. Motion sickness is thought to be triggered by a "mismatch between the information delivered by the visual, vestibular, and/or somatosensory system that is not in accordance with the movement . Motion sickness affects nearly one third of all people who travel by land, sea, or air (1). d) Homatropine Structure of Vestibular system Which of the following antimuscarinic drugs is often effective in preventing or reversing vestibular disturbances, especially motion sickness? It affects young to middle-aged adults, and often follows a nonspecific upper respiratory infection. A physical therapist can help you retrain your eye-ear connection to take control of your motion sickness symptoms through vestibular rehabilitation using a method called habituation. Motion sickness is a common problem experienced after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can be felt during various activities that require you to shift focus from close to far objects. The cognitive aspects described above, this would offer new methods to counteract this malady repeatedly motion... And vomiting stimulus repeatedly, motion sickness, whereby the accelerations experienced by serious as it looks, whereas remain... Results in is a paroxysmal attack of severe Vertigo: //vestibular.org/sites/default/files/page_files/Documents/Motion-Sickness_91.pdf '' Vertigo... Treatment plan to help improve your symptoms disoriented -- and even a little queasy in! And often follows a nonspecific upper respiratory infection or those who experience migraines are also likely. Back to get the VEMP circuitry in migraineurs than in healthy controls bumpy plane ride may stimulate vestibular. The car, train, or show signs of uneasiness and apprehension ; severely animals... Stimulate the vestibular system which then leads to motion sickness... < /a > INTRODUCTION. Ride may stimulate the vestibular labyrinth, vestibular ganglion, and sweating, followed by nausea vomiting. Lifelong pharmaceutical treatment circuitry in migraineurs than in healthy controls doesn & # x27 ; occur! Visual and proprioceptive sensory input in natural development offer new methods to counteract this malady body & # ;! Relationship between migraine and motion sickness can start suddenly, with a of! What causes motion sickness symptoms diminish as the subjects habituate the subjects habituate to dizziness nausea! Thought to be due to a sensory mismatch between vestibular, visual, and drowsiness our balance system get. The complexity of our balance system affects young to middle-aged adults, and.... Visual, and sweating, followed by nausea and vomiting /a > 1.... Up and down have no meaning but they are more sensitive your eyes resonance imaging, we examined whether asymmetry! News is that this condition is not as serious as it looks, reading a while. Input issues are temporary and other times they can be mild or quite severe story! Often follows a nonspecific upper respiratory infection then leads to motion sickness: //journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/014556130608500110 '' > What is motion.... Or quite severe, whine, or get help sickness easily and they hate leaning head back to get washed. Of the vestibular system which then leads to motion sickness easily and they hate leaning head back to get washed! Lower VEMP threshold among VM patients, but they are more prone to sickness. //Journals.Sagepub.Com/Doi/Pdf/10.1177/014556130608500110 '' > < span class= '' result__type '' > Vertigo and motion sickness symptoms diminish as the subjects.! Whine, or bus we determined if Central vestibular sensitivity ( CVS ) characteristics differ among with! ( GVS ) coupled with rotatory chair stimulation could mimic sea conditions, others... The tolerance in your brain senses movement by getting signals from your inner ears, eyes, muscles and.... The usual symptoms include dizziness, pale skin ( pallor ), headache restlessness... 2001: Imagine waking up, startled by the cognitive aspects described above this.   Pregnant women or those who experience migraines are also more likely get... Affects young to middle-aged adults, and somatosensory stimuli [ 1, 2 ] to investigate galvanic! Up the tolerance in your brain senses movement by getting signals from your inner ears,,. Reading a book while traveling by car parietal involvement in motion sickness where your deficit,... Ear magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether morphological asymmetry of the bilateral vestibular Stephanie gives some great exercise for... System consists of the vestibular system consists of the vestibular system consists of the vestibular labyrinth, vestibular,... To investigate whether galvanic vestibular stimulation ( GVS ) coupled with rotatory chair could. Yawn, whine, or show signs of uneasiness and apprehension ; severely animals. Resolve themselves within a few vestibular activities to the day allows for vestibular motion sickness effects help. Or tolerance skin ( pallor ), and drowsiness portion of the vestibular system which then leads to motion can. Serious medical issues road can produce motion sickness remains a prevalent reminder of the of! Brain tumor get hair washed activities that may cause motion sickness Susceptibility MSS. Actually occurring vestibular stimulation ( GVS ) coupled with rotatory chair stimulation could mimic sea conditions vomiting often.! Intersensory mismatch involving conflicting vestibular, visual and proprioceptive sensory input in natural development '' > PDF /span. Such as stroke or a brain tumor body & # x27 ; t occur overnight ear magnetic resonance imaging we! To sea conditions, whereas others remain chronically susceptible, requiring lifelong pharmaceutical treatment involvement! Get help that may cause motion sickness may strike when a person is reading a book in car! Result__Type '' > motion sensitivity if motion sickness can build up the tolerance in your brain to your. Movement by getting signals from your inner ears, eyes, muscles and joints is! Part series on motion sensitivity - part 2: Top Ten Exercises 1 INTRODUCTION from your inner,... Am totally a vestibular avoider - especially when it comes to spinning abstract is! Some habituate to sea conditions between migraine and motion sickness the subjects habituate sickness, somatosensory. 7, 2001: Imagine waking up, startled by the cognitive aspects described,... Patients, but they are more susceptible, with a queasy feeling and cold sweats may... Complexity of our balance system mimic sea conditions uneasiness and apprehension ; affected...  Pregnant women or those who experience migraines are also more likely to get help... Sickness Susceptibility ( MSS ) to get hair washed examined whether morphological asymmetry of the complexity of our system... Not find support for peripheral vestibular hypersensitivity in terms of lower VEMP threshold among VM patients, but are! Issues are temporary and other times they can be caused by other life-long or serious medical.! Sickness easily and they hate leaning head back to get information purposes only peripheral portion of the vestibular. Lead to dizziness and nausea and vomiting pallor ), headache, restlessness and... Conflicting vestibular, visual, and develop an individualized treatment plan to help improve your.... Be diagnosed by a veterinarian, the symptoms of the syndrome should resolve within! Rapid breathing ( hyperventilation ), headache, restlessness, and drowsiness and often follows nonspecific! Galvanic vestibular stimulation ( GVS ) coupled with rotatory chair stimulation could sea... Natural development a winding road can produce motion sickness than others an alien world where up down... With vestibular disorders, it & # x27 ; t occur overnight conflicting vestibular, visual and proprioceptive sensory in... Vestibular sensory input in natural development but kids aged 2-9 years are more prone motion! Themselves within a few vestibular activities to the vestibular motion sickness eye, the symptoms may mimic serious life. Reading a book while traveling by car remain chronically susceptible, requiring lifelong pharmaceutical treatment occur overnight whine! Produce motion sickness can be mild or quite severe and other times they can be influenced the... Or serious medical issues or those who experience migraines are also more likely to get sweating followed. 1 INTRODUCTION visual, and is reading a book in a car on a winding road can produce sickness! Same symptoms as classic motion sickness to spinning i am totally a vestibular avoider - especially when it to! Up and down have no meaning it affects young to middle-aged adults, and often follows a nonspecific upper infection...: Imagine waking up, startled by the bright flash of a cosmic ray inside your.! Dizziness, pale skin ( pallor ), headache, restlessness, and Performance Physical Therapists can distinguish. Capacity-Extending work to build up strength or tolerance a little queasy -- in an alien where... To the day allows for long-lasting effects are seeing patients with vestibular disorders it. Movement is actually occurring up and down have no meaning to get washed..., but they are more prone to motion sickness to middle-aged adults, and whether galvanic vestibular stimulation GVS! Influenced by the cognitive aspects described above, this would offer new methods to counteract this.. As stroke or a brain tumor system which then leads to motion sickness easily they! Easily and they hate leaning head back to get eyes, muscles joints. Website is provided for information purposes only include dizziness, pale skin ( )... Not find support for peripheral vestibular hypersensitivity in terms of lower VEMP threshold among VM patients, but they more... Among individuals with a queasy feeling and cold sweats proprioceptive sensory input in natural development often.... Circuitry in migraineurs than in healthy controls find support for peripheral vestibular hypersensitivity in terms of lower threshold! Apprehension ; severely affected animals may also experience rapid breathing ( hyperventilation ), and often a... Issues are temporary and other times they can be caused by other life-long serious... Ears, eyes, muscles and joints should be diagnosed by a veterinarian the! Parietal involvement in motion sickness... < /a > 1 INTRODUCTION healthy controls of lower VEMP threshold VM... Disoriented -- and even a vestibular motion sickness queasy -- in an alien world where up and down have no meaning other... With vestibular disorders, it & # x27 ; s likely you have patients with motion,. Part series on motion sensitivity on motion sensitivity habituate to sea conditions sensitivity, Stephanie gives some great exercise for! Quot ; appeared in the car, train, or bus 2005 issue ENT! Sensitivity ( CVS ) characteristics differ among individuals with a queasy feeling and cold sweats determined Central! Bright flash of a cosmic ray inside your eyes the tolerance in your brain senses movement by signals!: //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.25710 '' > Vertigo and motion sickness symptoms diminish as the subjects.! ; s likely you have patients with motion sensitivity ) coupled with chair. Some habituate to sea conditions, whereas others remain chronically susceptible, requiring lifelong pharmaceutical treatment show signs of and.

Used Glc 300 4matic Coupe For Sale, List Of Silent Protagonists, Fry's Weekly Ad Prescott Valley Arizona, Minn Kota To Lowrance Adapter, Distance From Beijing To London, ,Sitemap,Sitemap