History of Nigeria - pre-colonial period (1500 - 1800) Long before 1500 much of modern-Nigeria was divided into states identified with contemporary ethnic groups. The Biafra sovereignty is legal, morally and religiously created. He attended Royal military college Sandhurst and he started his military carrier in 1878. What was the name of Nigeria before the amalgamation of ... . Nigeria Gists: History of Nigeria - pre-colonial period ... The ill-conceived connubial resolution that brought Southern Nigeria and Northern Nigeria together in 1914 is up till today being debated to be the basis of the problems we . EXPLOSIVE!!! Secret 1914 Amalgamation ... - Nigeria Newspaper Their presence in the north it was all connected with the amalgamation of northern and southern Nigeria in 1914 by the British. A Brief History of Nigeria from 1960 till Date - Oasdom.com amalgamation of Nigeria - history of Nigeria This could mean if the amalgamation didn't come to play, Nigeria wouldn't have emerged as one country. Historical Map of Sub-Saharan Africa (1 January 1914 - Amalgamation of Nigeria: By the 1910s the British had mostly pacified Northern Nigeria but found administering the region difficult and costly. SHOCKING REVELATION: Amalgamation of South, North By ... Amalgamation of Nigeria | Historical Atlas of Sub-Saharan ... We always condemn colonization,but what we condemn mostly is the colonization of Africa by whites,but that is wrong in my opinion because there was colonization of Africa by Africans long before the white . The Amalgamation of Nigeria - United Ijaw He called it, "The mistake of 1914.". The resulting hostilities had a number of consequences. However, 1912 was Egerton's last year in southern Nigeria. I still believe that the dignity lost since the days of the amalgamation, when the evil empire called Nigeria was created, shall be restored to the different peoples who make up that geographical entity currently known as Nigeria. Nigeria Before And After Amalgamation. The amalgamation of Nigeria has brought a few benefits, but several disadvantages because of the incompatible nature of the cultural side of the tribes that inhabit the country called Nigeria. Who Signed The 1914 Amalgamation Of Nigeria? - Tourism Blog Nigeria was my duty post. Awo's 'Original Sin'! - The Nation Newspaper . . Niger was gotten from the name of the longest river in Nigeria - River Niger and the "Area" was the environment and people who live in the country where the river Niger is located in. Lagos - I Was in the first cabinet that was overthrown by the military in this country. PDF The National Conference, Ethno-religious Pluralism and The ... THE AMALGAMATION OF NIGERIA AND NATIONHOOD - African Voice ... Lord Lugard was born on 22 nd January 1858 to a British army chaplain in India but he was raised in England. And of course, this country has quite a history behind it. The first three early empires in Nigeria before the pre-colonial rule brought about the amalgamation of present-day Nigeria. In 1914, Southern Nigeria was joined with Northern Nigeria Protectorate to form the single colony of Nigeria…. And I remained in Parliament until January 15, 1966 when the Government was overthrown. As good governance has nosedived in Nigeria over many years, ethnicity and nepotism have been fashioned into cudgels. The Amalgamation of Nigeria: Revisiting 1914 and the that year. It is noteworthy that the naming of the region, which took place in 1887, happened before the amalgamation in 1914. willingness of the colonial office to give priority to what Egerton had called, many years before, developmental expenditure. Although it appears that these issues can be resolved by dialogue and compromise, particularly by the intervention of a superpower, perhaps Britain in . We are going to focus specially on those days between 1900 and 1960. It is called: "Formation: The Making of Nigeria From Jihad to Amalgamation", written by Fola Fagbule and Feyi Fawehinmi and was published by Cassava Republic in 2021. July 9, 2000. . They discovered a magical formula, that the writing of history is too serious an agenda to leave in the hands of historians. Introduction The 1914 Amalgamation that occurred shortly after the naming of Nigeria was one of the significant moments for British administration in Africa and a pivotal one for colonial Nigeria. For instance, Aro and Onitsha often rejected the ideology of corporate Igbo identity. And I remained in Parliament until January 15, 1966 when the Government was overthrown. What was Nigeria called before independence? A student reacts during a parade to commemorate Nigeria's 55th Independence Day in Lagos, October 1, 2015. "Since the amalgamation of Southern and Northern Provinces in 1914, Nigeria has existed as One Country only on paper, it is still far from being united. Eluwa, who was the General Secretary of the Ibo Federal (State) Union, told the story of how he toured "Igboland" from 1947 to 1951 to convince "Igbo . The amalgamation event brought the Southern and the Northern Protectorates alongside their respective cultures and religions into an entity called Nigeria. To understand Nigeria you need to know the history to explain the politics. It was created not in the interest of Nigeria or Nigerians but in the . The disaffection being expressed by a section of Nigeria calling for the breakup of the nation has once again brought the 1914 amalgamation of the Southern and Northern Protectorates by Lord . When the British arrived in what became Northern Nigeria, there were by then lets say for arguments sake two nations ruling the North predominantly the Fulani and then also the Indigenous Hausa, the latter of which the Hausa kingdoms were constantly being attacked by the Fulani who are conquers by nature. The aftermath of colonialism in Nigeria has affected Nigeria's socio-political development, especially in the false marriage with the sobriquet; amalgamation where different entities were fused to live as one. paper… it is still far from being united. The three kingdoms existed on the map of Africa for more than 500 years before Nigeria was created in 1914. my apprehension about the future of Nigeria flows from the fact of the expiration of its Amalgamation Treaty, which brought into existence the country called Nigeria. Separatist agitation in Nigeria started with the Northern region. Ultimately, it was the protest by the Lagos elite which delayed the amalgamation move. Before the colonization of the Territories by Britain, the pluralistic territory (now called Nigeria) had various forms of traditional and religious leaders. On January 1, 1914, Lord Frederick Lugard, the governor of both the Northern and Sourthern protectorate, signed a document consolidating the two thereby creating the colony and protectorate of Nigeria. In truth, too, the people we call Igbo today were not all known as Igbo before the amalgamation. What was the name of Nigeria before amalgamation in 1914? The end result was not to actually have a new territory Centenary Celebrations. by badnature: 12:03am On Sep 26, 2015. He attended Royal military college Sandhurst and he started his military carrier in 1878. Okonkwo (2009:31) has observed that "the issue of national unity has plagued Nigeria from its inception". On 1 January 1900, the British Empire created the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Lord Fredrick Lugard. The Northern and Southern protectorates of Nigeria were amalgamated by British Colonial Governor Fredrick Lugard in January 1914. Ikelegbe (1995) stated that: The amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorates of Nigeria in 1914 marked a turning point in the evolution of the Nigerian state. If Nigeria is 60 years old on October 1, 2020 and your father or mother is 61 years, what nationality was she or he before he or she became a one Nigerian in 1960? When the amalgamation took effect, the British government sealed off the South from the North. The year in which Nigeria got her name is 1887; however, the day and month is not known to anyone. In 1914, the north and the south of Nigeria combined to become one country. Amalgamation means the action, process, or result of combining or uniting. What was Nigeria called before independence? Document Of Nigeria's Amalgamation In 1914 (picture) by Iyaniwura123: 5:51am On Feb 21, 2013. Islam reached Nigeria through the Bornu Empire between (1068 AD) and Hausa States around (1385 AD) during the 11th century . amalgamation of Southern and Northern protectorates in 1914, Nigeria had existed only in. In 1914, the area was formally united as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. History of Separatist Agitations. Jack McCaslin is a . He was replaced by Sir Frederick Luguard who was appointed governor-general of both southern and northern Nigeria to effect an amalgamation of the two - It was orchestrated by greed and avarice. Canadian Social Science, 12 (12), 66-68. The British amalgamation that brought divergent and opposing Indigenous nationalities in this part of the world that gave birth to the country called Nigeria, took place in the year 1914. In addition, numerous small states to the west and south of . > The Amalgamation Scam called Nigeria. North East Geopolitical Zone. N/B: This piece was written before the recent escalation of the crisis in Plateau state. The Amalgamation of Nigeria was a Fraud. I was the Federal Minister of Education in that cabinet. The amalgamation was an administrative fiat of . At the same time, the name was not entirely made up by Flora Shaw. Educational policy in Nigeria has passed through three significant phases, before amalgamation, pre-independence and post-independence eras. Although his predictions were made public in 1926 in a book called Dual Mandate, his assessments happened before the amalgamation of 1914. Urgently Addressing the Future of Nigeria - Before the Bubble Bursts!, By Olawale Okunniyi. After years of resistance by the natives, Britain revoked the license of Royal Niger Company & acquired its holdings (which included the territory & the people) for £865K. In fact, the so-called Nigeria created in 1914 was a complete fraud. This expiration, in my thoughts, has grave legal, moral and spiritual . The amalgamation of Nigeria in 1914 is no exception. The Lagos colony was later added in 1906, and the territory was officially renamed the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. We won't be addressed as one Nigeria rather there would have been various countries in Nigeria. As it concerns sociology, amalgamation is the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group. "Our agenda was to completely exploit Africa. The contraption called Nigeria was a fraudulent entity made legal by the British colony; irrespective of the fact that it shouldn't exist. In the annals of Nigeria history, one chapter that has remained till today controversial and very elusive to candid classification is the amalgamation of 1914. The Southern Protectorate, the Northern Protectorate and […] Before independence, the shadow of ethnicity had grown so tall that even the contradictory colonial national anthem could not exorcise it. I feel the amalgamation was more of an experiment. In the chronicles of Nigeria's history; one chapter that has remained till today (date) controversial and very elusive to candid clarification is the amalgamation of 1914. Before the creation of the zones, there was an area called the North-Eastern State.. The history of Nigeria can be traced to settlers trading across the middle East and Africa as early as 1100 BC. The name Nigeria was replaced and preserved up until today. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. Prior to the 15thc was the era of state formations and emergence of kingdoms. Refworld is the leading source of information necessary for taking quality decisions on refugee status. And between 1914 and 1960, that's a period of . In other words, they planned the merger beforehand, and called the entire region Niger Area even before the nation was formed . The latest book titled "What Britain did to Nigeria" written by Mr siollun, caught my attention in one of the articles which states 'The mistake of 1914'. In 1914, the British Protectorates of Northern and Southern Nigeria were amalgamated by Frederick Lugard, 1st Baron Lugard, a mercenary, soldier, explorer and colonial administrator. Nigeria's Unity is only a British . Education The Amalgamation Scam called Nigeria. 44 While Sir Ahmadu Bello stated briefly and once that. Before this event, the Nigerian state had been a political entity with numerous diversities which made governance difficult. Nigeria consequently bore the Colony of Nigeria nomenclature until its independence in 1960. But what the British amalgamated was the Administration of the North and South and not the people of the North and the South, that is one of the root causes of the problems of Nigeria and the Nigerians. Lagos - I Was in the first cabinet that was overthrown by the military in this country. In fact, Nigeria as a political entity was created in that year. The top reason for amalgamation was the maximum profit and administrative convenience of the British government. The entire territory of the Royal Niger Company came into the hands of the British government. Many have got it wrong in that they actually believed that this Lord of a Brit, through his descriptions, was referring to the peoples he met before the immoral amalgamation. Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of the northern and southern protectorate and had no formal name before it was eventually named by Lady Luguard. I was the Federal Minister of Education . I wrote a piece in a number of papers but before I published the piece, I sent a copy to the Oba of Benin. Sir Fredrick Lord Luggard amalgamated Nigeria. From 1914 to 1919, Lugard was made Governor General of the now combined Colony of Nigeria. The first was a sharp setback suffered by the colonial administration through the absence of . On 1 January 1900, the British Empire created the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate. Nigeria is the giant of Africa. Murray Last says Nigeria could do with those same principles - justice, peacefulness, honest trade - that the Sokoto caliphate stood for. This work seeks to explore the concept of amalgamation, its significance and analytical forethought in order to recommend solutions to some myriads of problems that the entity called . Amalgamation is the joining together of the northern and southern protectorates. The former name for Nigeria was the Royal Niger Company Territories. In 1914, Southern Nigeria was joined with Northern Nigeria Protectorate to form the single colony of Nigeria. To him, it was better that the regions remained as they had been. Still, it was not a name for a nation, but merely a name of the territory. When we assessed Nigeria, this was what we found in the southern region; strength, intelligence, determination to succeed, well established history, complex but focused life style, great hope and aspirations… the East is good in business and technology, the west is good in administration and commerce, law and medicine . It was only in Lagos that his plan of amalgamation was fiercely . The modern history of Nigeria - as a political state encompassing 250 to 400 ethnic groups of widely varied cultures and modes of political organization - dates from the completion of the British conquest in 1903 and the amalgamation of northern and southern Nigeria into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria in 1914. Richard Akinjide, QC, SAN. Michael Okpara was born in 1920 (the treaty has been signed 6years before he was born) Who and who signed these papers on 1914 and called it amalgamation of the northern region and southern region that we shall live together as one family without war, marginalization, conflict of interest and crisis? It was only in Lagos that his plan of amalgamation was fiercely . Map of Nigeria before amalgamation showing the three Protectorates and Provinces (Akintokunbo Adejumo: Please note the Cameroon border and relate to Bakassi Province today) As far as the Colonial Office was concerned, the main stumbling block on the road to amalgamation was 'the personalities of the administrators of the three provinces'. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is known today as Nigeria, such as the Kingdom of Nri, the Benin Empire, and the Oyo Empire. Geographically, the land called Lagos today was a Territory of an Ethnic called Yoruba before amalgamation. 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