The Federal Bureau of Prisons' Compassionate Release Program may permit an early release from a Federal prison sentence. And they would have banned solitary confinement for young prisoners. 4 0 obj However, if your browser is set to open PDFs in a new window, as is often the case with 64-bit browsers, the bill text will open to the first page. Summers added that DeSantis and prison corporations like GEO Group that invest in private prisons are a direct threat to the people of Florida. SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) California is giving 76,000 inmates, including violent and repeat felons, the opportunity to leave prison earlier as the state aims to further trim the population of . /Type /FontDescriptor Inmates would have been able to get gain time if they behaved which is what they are supposed to do anyway. Due to the state's determinate sentencing requirements, which specif ies that inmates must serve a mandatory 85% of their sentence, most inmates are released when their sentence ends. The Friends of DeSantis PAC received another $50,000 from the GEO subsidiary, along with $50,000 from George Zoley, CEO of the company. Copyright 2000- 2023 State of Florida. A clemency commutation of sentence and parole are alternate paths to the same goal, which. Voice of the People: Give retirees a break on school taxes, Voice of the People: Nobody cares when the City Commission meets, Voice of the People: Obstruction for political gain cannot be tolerated, Polk County leaders react to verdict in George Floyd murder case, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. Parole and Early Release EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Florida currently has few mechanisms for early prison release. Columnist Stephanie Hayes will share thoughts, feelings and funny business with you every Monday. There are many early release programs, but they fall into two broad categories: federal and state. Hart has run the bill for several years without success but said she was hopeful for 2022 . All capital felonies committed prior to Oct. 1, 1995, except: a) murder or felony murder committed after May 25, 1994; b) making, possessing, throwing, placing or discharging a destructive device or attempt to do so which results in the death of another person after May 25, 1994; c) first-degree murder of a law enforcement officer, correctional officer, state attorney or assistant state attorney committed after Jan. 1, 1990; and d) first-degree murder of a justice or judge committed after Oct. 1, 1990. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. November 11, 2021 State Prisons Released More People Before Covid-19 Than During It Prison officials touted a compassionate response to Covid, but the statistics tell another story. Sponsor Rep. Dianne Hart (D-Tampa) says the legislation would help reduce the prison population by making thousands of people eligible for an earlier release. 0 This Act may be cited as the Federal Prison Bureau Nonviolent Offender Relief Act of 2021. "How many hopes did he destroy?". found 82 percent of the inmates granted early release by the city under Article 6A of the state Correction . Florida's numbers are staggeringly low compared with the parole boards of neighboring Southern states, too. Parole is an act of grace by the state. Still, even though a forensic officer testified that there was no physical evidence of Kayle being in the room when Junavis was stabbed, Kayle felt remorseful for having driven Pentecost there. If you need guidance or have questions call me at 818-424-2220 or schedule a call here. @H2p?[QYc| L3 Escape is illegal, it rarely works, it is punishable up to an additional 15 years in prison and it endangers the lives of other inmates, correctional officers, visitors and civilians. . 3. Clemency, parole, work release and conditional medical release are the four legal methods of leaving prison early. Around 4,000 parole-eligible prisoners are currently awaiting release in Florida. She just couldn't muster it this time, surrounded by guards and cold prison walls. New Senate Legislation Expands Early Prison Release. /CS /DeviceRGB Michigan currently uses mandatory minimum sentencing, meaning . 4. Parole was abolished in 1983 for most crimes, and in 1995 for capital murder and sexual battery. While clemency, parole and work release get more media attention and generate the most legal questions, there is another way to leave prison early: conditional medical release. Examine your state department of corrections website. Sentencing reforms sponsored this year and previously by Republican Sen. Jeff Brandes of Pinellas County, Democratic Sen. Randolph Bracy of Orange County, Democratic Rep. Dianne Hart of Hillsborough County, Democratic Sen. Jason Pizzo of Miami-Dade and other lawmakers would have allowed prison authorities and courts to shorten the long, sometimes lifelong sentences of adult and juvenile inmates in certain circumstances. According to the. Hart ; Corrections Secretary Mark Inch testified to senators on Feb. 22 that Floridas prisons cannot hire and keep enough correctional officers to safely supervise the states inmate population of roughly 80,000 and growing. Our stories may be republished online or in print under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. It doesn't make Americans safer to pay more for the incarceration of elderly prisoners who pose little public safety threat. The list of topics contains two potential methods for acquiring early release: Compassionate Release and Early Release Procedures. Kayle was sentenced to 25 years to life. Preservation of family and community ties. Please see our republishing guidelines for use of photos and graphics. (State inmates also were the last group to be made eligible for vaccinations, which began last month.) << Parole, a form of discretionary early release, has not been on the books since 1983. "I just want him to see that there's a life outside of prison, with those who love and care for him, who want him to know what life really is.". The Appropriations Subcommittee on Criminal and Civil Justice voted 7-0 on April 8 to approve SB 1032 by Chair Keith Perry, R . Joseph ; /Resources << Examine your state department of corrections website. But the anti-cop, pro-prison reform crowd are anxious to release thousands of felons into our neighborhoods. It would have allowed prisoners to increase the number of days per month of gain time. Compassionate release sometimes takes place when circumstances that the court could not have anticipated affect the prisoner, often health problems. "And if they have their basic economic needs covereda house, food, clothingthey're much less likely to reoffend.". Thats their number one goal. With the regular legislative session concluded, it is a great time to discuss these issues with state senators and representatives in your districts. /AvgWidth 600 Parole, a form of discretionary early release, has not been on the books since 1983. Kimber's child was also in the house at the time, in a room across the hall. In budget negotiations for 2021-22, the House and Senate agreed on a comprehensive plan for the consolidation of a state-operated correctional institution and a plan for the redirection of any identified cost savings to provide correctional officer salary increases to address vacancy, attrition and turnover concerns, according a House budget summary. (Daralene Jones). /Producer ( M i c r o s o f t W o r d 2 0 1 6) And this doesnt count the actual amount of crime they commit only the crime for which they are caught. TALLAHASSEE, Fla. A critical staffing shortage within Florida's state prisons threatens the safety of officers, inmates, and the public. However, clemency and parole involve different decisionmakers, rules and time frames. There are currently 99,008 incarcerated persons in California's prisons - a reduction of 23,401 since March 2020, when the prison outbreaks first began. He wrote this exclusively for the Tampa Bay Times. View By Bill Version 3/10/2021: Senate CS by Criminal Justice read 1st time -SJ 232 : 3/11/2021: Senate Now in Appropriations Subcommittee on Criminal and Civil Justice: 4/5/2021: Senate On Committee agenda-- Appropriations Subcommittee on Criminal and Civil Justice, 04/08/21, 11:30 am, 37 Senate Building : 4/8/2021: Senate %PDF-1.6 % Rock was incredulous that the Legislatures Republican leaders, particularly the governor and Speaker Sprowls, did not back the early-release reforms, which legislative staff estimated would save the state $840 million over five years by reducing incarceration expenses. 1:11. State Rep. Dianne Hart plans to introduce a justice reform bill next legislative session. "Early Release Procedures" makes reference to the Residential Drug Treatment Program that can reduce a prisoner's sentence by up to one year. Publications, Help Searching But there is still no sign that the state will be releasing him any time soon. If the governor says no, the application is denied, which can happen at any time for any reason. Her heart raced as she recalled trying to have a loving conversation with her brother. /Flags 32 Federal programs have been limited by mandatory sentencing laws. He has been eligible for parole for 10 of those years. /AcroForm 742 0 R /CreationDate (D:20210409172208-04'00') (1) Within 6 months before the release of an inmate from the custody of the Department of Corrections or a private correctional facility by expiration of sentence under s. 944.275, any release program provided by law, or parole under chapter 947, or as soon as possible if the offender is released earlier than anticipated, notification of such Aging, sickly and overwhelmed Florida's prison system is the third-largest in the nation by population, following Texas and California, according to U.S. Department of Justice rankings. Thats about 3,857 inmates. Step 2. If the governor says yes, two members of the Florida Cabinet must also agree. That means that the laws on the books, law enforcement agencies, prosecutorsand prisons to name a few have helped make our state safer. Video: A billion dollars could be saved: Florida lawmakers proposing changes to prison parole system Changes to Floridas parole system are being discussed in Tallahassee. Florida Republican Senators Rick Scott and Marco Rubio also received money from a subsidiary of GEO through the New Republican PAC. "[Kayle's] case is a perfect example of what is wrong with our criminal justice system," said Kara Gross, Legislative Director and Senior Policy Counsel at ACLU of Florida. Instead, she keeps in regular contact with him through phone calls and email. The Legislature and Gov. A lot of that money goes to GEO Group, a company based in Florida that operates private prisons and detention centers through contracts with the FDOC. If lawmakers give serious consideration to a revision of gain time, allowing inmates to earn reductions in their overall sentence, that opens the door for early release of even more of the 79,000 inmates serving time. /Descent -188 Blaise Gainey is a State Government Reporter for WFSU News. Justice Action Network, a bipartisan criminal justice reform group, said that the new guidelines could result in the release of as many people as were freed immediately after passage of First. Releasing inmates early is irresponsible innocent people will get hurt. << She said top GOP leaders never returned her members calls and never agreed to meet with her. A bill that would allow inmates to serve as little as 65% of their sentences if they complete rehabilitation programs and training while in prison has passed the Senate Criminal Justice Committee. But this time, something about the heartbreak of it allnot just seeing her brother in prison, but the weight of the family dysfunction that brought him there and the broken system that kept him therewas just too overwhelming. He swerved across the road and ran into curbs, but managed to get them there. E.W. "It's super important when the victims of a crime have forgiven a person, it means that there's less risk of harming a victim through releasing someone on parole," Garcia said. 991 0 obj <> endobj SB 1032, by Sen. Keith Perry, R-Gainesville, is one of several criminal justice bills proposed this year. Letsgetstarted. /Widths [600 0 0 0 600 0 0 0 600 600 0 0 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 0 0 0 0 0 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] Elmira, N.Y., September 17State Senator Tom O'Mara (R-C-I, Big Flats) is denouncing today's move by Governor Kathy Hochul to begin releasing more and more inmates from state prisons under a new law she signed today known as the "Less Is More Act." /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] After several fights, Junavis kicked out the couple, but kept custody of Kimber's son, who remained in the home with Kayle. Some of those getting out have committed heinous crimes such as . Between October of 2019 and September of 2020, the Florida Commission on Offender Review granted parole in just 41 cases, out of 1,419 determinationsabout one percent of eligible people. But that wont happen any time soon, because for the third year in a row, at least, bipartisan efforts to reform Floridas sentencing laws failed in the 2021 Florida Legislature. 2 0 obj It is the portion of the community release program that allows inmates to work at paid employment in the community while continuing as inmates of the facility where they are required to be confined. Committee /Length1 129560 By her count, Karen has made 280 phone calls and emails over the past year alone pleading for Kayle's release. We will update this page with new early release forms and instructions beginning fall 2023. The code will state the laws in regard to early release possibilities. Parole is an act of grace by the state. Ron DeSantis rejected appeals to let prison authorities release even just those at highest risk of contracting and dying of COVID. Any felony prior to Oct. 1, 1983, or those who elected to be sentenced outside the guidelines for felonies committed prior to July 1, 1984. The same reasoning has been listed as a reason for Kayle's denial of parole; In the FCOR documents, Kayle was called the "Charles Manson of Florida" by a prison guard. Under the law, the definition of "medically incapacitated" means that "any diagnosable medical condition" prevents the . Of an estimated 80,000 incarcerated people and another 115,000 serving a sentence under community supervision, Smith is one of nearly 4,000 parole-eligible prisoners in Florida who remain in limbo. amending sections 13-4413, 31229.02, 31281 and 411604.07, Arizona Revised Statutes; relating to prisoners. /ItalicAngle 0 Florida does nor grant parole, and it rarely grants clemency, compassionate medical release, or any early release except when so ordered by a court. Timeline: Events that fueled Polk County's body camera debate, 'Justice was served': Polk County leaders react to verdict in George Floyd murder case. The last list of potentially eligible people was created on July 29, 2021. (Note: numbers do not include inmates who have released to the custody of another custodial jurisdiction such as a treaty transfer, a release to a state for service of sentence, or release to ICE for detention/deportation). Saga has also sold extensively on eBay and Amazon, specializing in books and paper. "And Florida has the second largest private prison company, GEO Group, influencing DeSantis and many of our right-wing politicians.". "Currently there are over 94,000 inmates behind bars in the state of Florida. Reggie Garcia is an AV Preeminent-rated lawyer and author of "How to Leave Prison Early." Kimber parted ways with the guys before the evening took a dark and devastating turn, records show. The North Carolina Department of Public Safety released 485 people early from state prisons between March and May. 'b A++PZ"h)ZmH+A+JJi-UI'9>~^{I(` kZ,[&@Q?-=?$H-9,+D?f#Js-3*ms6DVg^-"J;EU6hqOuLypRnqQ#b?i-wzhp! gP"E{p9G1}S>3e^8-wNQ3Q97M+mEG; 3>oM0hz|EjB%y#)KK~Ux?ec##gS\ This is designed strictly for those who have been in the system 30 years or more who havent been given a proper opportunity to be paroled out, said Keith Harris with the Florida Justice League. >> There are fewer than 4,600 inmates eligible for parole. After completing the three-year program, they must also receive approval from the Colorado State Parole Board and governor to be granted early release. These programs must include keeping track of any future crimes committed by criminals who participate in these programs. %%EOF DeSantis' decision immediately destroyed any chance Smith had at being released this year, and the Florida Commission on Offender Review estimates that up to 1,000 pending clemency applications will be denied because of the Governor's unilateral action. It would have a minor impact, but it would open up the beds that the prisons need, Harris said. Both involve compassion, redemption and forgiveness, and are the ultimate grant of a second chance. | Editorial, Construction finally begins on Pasco County jail expansion, Hillsborough jail deputy suspected of selling THC products to inmates resigns, Tampa man who was first to face trial for Florida voter fraud in 2020 election gets probation, Maple Leafs: Lightning, other division rivals did not spur deal, Person found fatally shot outside Tampa credit union branch, police say, Want to vote early, Tampa? This granting power is derived from general law established by the Florida Legislature that can change the eligibility criteria at any time. before the phone line went silent. His writing about the US Navy has appeared at navyshipnews.com. That's 20 percent. Rules will vary radically from state to state, but hard economic times puts pressure on all prison systems, so releases are more likely, as reported in the Associated Press. The reforms proposed in Florida this year would have allowed courts to take a "Second Look" at long sentences imposed on offenders imprisoned when they were young and who have served many years in prison already. "It's ridiculous and harmful that the state of Florida spends more on prisons than it does on education," said Epiphany Summers, organizing director of Dream Defenders, an activism group that fights for abolition and social justice. During the pandemic, at least 60 out of 221 Florida prisoners who died of COVID-19 were eligible for parole. /MarkInfo << They would have re-established parole in Florida. New prison technology surveils life on both sides of the wall. >> /MediaBox [0 0 612 792 ] If you read the editorial Florida falls short on justice reforms from the Gainesville Sun Editorial Board [May 16, Page A14], you probably noticed it was short on facts and heavy on sympathy for felons. After North Carolina distributed free pay-to-play tablets to everyone behind bars, the only private conversation in prison is the one you don't have. /GS8 19 0 R Prisoner rights coalitions and abolitionist groups have formed all across Florida. By using this website, you accept the terms of our Visitor Agreement and Privacy Policy, and understand your options regarding Ad Choices. 7 0 obj Floridas crime rate is at ahistoric 49-year low. Can the Florida prison system do better? Prisoners must apply to and be accepted into JCAP. /Ascent 833 Florida State Prison Address 23916 NW 83rd Ave Raiford, Florida 32083. They would have reduced severe sentences for drug offenses established in the 1970s when the United States launched its War on Drugs and then escalated it in the 1980s in a war specifically on crack cocaine. /FirstChar 32 Heres where to do it and what you need, Lightning trade Vladislav Namestnikov to San Jose, Christopher Sabella elected as Hillsborough Countys next chief judge, Dockery: Governor spending time, money to deny Floridians' health coverage, Reggie Garcia, special to the Tampa Bay Times. The pro-reform crowd wants to dump thousands of inmates back onto the streets early, into your neighborhoods, making a mockery of our criminal justice system, and eviscerating our truth-in-sentencing law we have on the books right now. Like the others, Perrys bill did not make it to a full and final vote in the Legislature. In the last three years, only between 20 to 34 have been granted parole each year. They both know that she can't do that. A bipartisan package of bills could see the state chip away at its Truth in Sentencing laws by offering inmates the ability to seek an earlier release or parole date through earning what is being referred to as productivity credits. Florida prisons are in a crisis. The commission has three appointed members who serve six-year terms. Between October of 2019 and September of 2020, the commission made 1,419 parole determinations and granted parole to 41 incarcerated peopleabout one percent of parole-eligible prisoners in Florida. Her doctor eventually prescribed medicine for anxiety and depression. Rules will vary radically from state to state, but hard economic times puts pressure on all prison systems, so releases are more likely . The power to grant parole is held by the Florida Commission on Offender Review, formerly known as the Florida Parole Commission. What Karen really wants is to be able to tell her brother that he's finally coming home. They call it reform. I call it one of the biggest false narratives being promoted today. The five policy goals of work release include: gradual reintegration back into the community; gainful employment; accumulation of savings from paid employment; preservation of family and community ties; and participation in self-help programs. Over 10,000 prisoners serving time under the state's "three strikes" law for a second serious, but nonviolent crime, became eligible to use credits to secure release after serving half their sentences. In 2018, the Florida Sun Sentinel reported that $5,000 from a GEO Group subsidiary was donated to DeSantis' election campaign. /Type /Font Also, early release is often achieved by lawyers proving prisoners' innocence, or by appealing cases. Documents obtained from FCOR through a public records request show that Kayle's parole hearing dates have been delayed multiple times as a punitive measure after prison guards claimed that he was caught in possession of a contraband cellphone charger. Learned ; Changes to Floridas parole system are being discussed in Tallahassee. She has testified on behalf of Kayle at five parole hearings, all of which were denied by FCOR. Offenders with a nonviolent felony could . Statutes, Video Broadcast Lawmakers also agreed on phase two of a four-year transition for correctional officers to move from 12-hour shifts to 8.5-hour shifts in state-operated institutions, and to provide enhanced delivery of basic recruit training for newly hired correctional officer trainees to also aid in recruitment and retention., by Laura Cassels, Florida Phoenix May 4, 2021. Why would any sane person want inmates released early, resulting in more crime and less safe neighborhoods? With the three main prisons closing Cross City, Baker and New River correctional institutions, all in north Florida, as the Miami Herald first reported and five community release centers. Roughly 20,000 men and women are released from North Carolina prisons every year, according to the Department of Public Safety. Florida Phoenix is part of States Newsroom, a network of news bureaus supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. The sum of a person's accumulated restitution, fines, fees, and court costs can total as high as thousands of dollars, and releasees often have no way of knowing how much they owe. Linked bill endobj /Parent 3 0 R Critically, the number of people detained pretrial has actually grown from 4,284 on January 1, 2020 to 4,881 people on December 31, 2021 (with a peak of 5,768 in early July 2021) likely because of the rollback of significant bail reform efforts last year. Georgia Over 10,000 ex-prisoners are released from America's state and federal prisons every week and arrive on the doorsteps of our nation's communities. In a letter from prison, he wrote, "I suffer torment every day in the hell of my own mind.". She tried to ground herself during the panic attack by focusing on a small detail from the visit: The guards let her buy her brother some ice cream, which Kayle ate with childlike joy. Parole was abolished in 1983 for most crimes, and in 1995 for capital murder and sexual battery. They conduct letter writing campaigns and exert pressure on governments to treat prisoners fairly and to release political prisoners. Kayle claims that he didn't know how serious Pentecost's intentions to harm Junavis were until they got to her house. Lawyers.com lists all 50 state criminal codes at its website. After a night of drinking, Pentecost asked Kayle for a ride to Junavis' house. In his spare time he enjoys watching sports, Netflix, outdoor activities and anything involving his daughter. Executive clemency is the governor's power under the Florida Constitution to grant mercy. >> jllJ(S!mSMOEo-hx7X+TI{0f4V"G!KI>JQaGP&. Karen said in a recent interview. Florida Phoenix maintains editorial independence. /Marked true /Group << Proposed Law To Release Elderly And Ill Inmates Could Save State Millions. /ModDate (D:20210409172208-04'00') Skip to Navigation | Skip to Main Content | Skip to Site Map. >> endobj This granting power is derived from general law established by the Florida Legislature, which can change the eligibility criteria at any time. The reforms would have allowed the states oldest and sickest inmates to be released early to their families. If felons are released early, we will. 1 0 obj The President has the power of pardon and usually exercises it more at the end of his term, but can use it at any time. The First Step Act, in the view of our team at Prison Professors, is the most significant prison-reform legislation since the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. Involve the elderly offender in developing her or his . Newly released data from 2020 show the impact of early-pandemic correctional policy choices and what kind of change is possible under pressure. As Florida's largest state agency, and the third largest state prison system in the country, FDC employs 24,000 members, incarcerates 80,000 inmates and supervises nearly 146,000 offenders in the community . The power to grant parole is held by the Florida Commission on Offender Review. A Senate panel has approved a measure that would allow qualified inmates to earn early release after serving 65% of their sentences, avoiding the current 85% mandate. A bill that is contingent upon passage of another bill within the same chamber, e.g., a trust fund bill, a bill providing a public record exemption, or an implementing bill. AN ACT. The sentence issued Friday carries no chance of parole or early release. Many relatives and friends of inmates as well as crime victims traveled to the Florida capital to testify at one committee after another in hopes that 2021 would be the year when criminal justice in Florida would become more equitable, more rehabilitative, and less punitive. Any continuing criminal enterprise committed before June 17, 1993; Any attempted murder of a law enforcement officer committed between Oct. 1, 1988, and Oct. 1, 1995. They did the same in 2020, and in 2019. The journals or printed bills of the respective chambers should be consulted for official purposes. In August 2021, Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker (D) signed House Bill 3665 into law, allowing for the early release of certain prisoners housed in the Illinois Department of Corrections (DOC) who are either medically incapacitated or terminally ill. Dream Defenders is just one example, while groups such as Florida Prisoner Solidarity and the Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee also organize to abolish the prison system. Florida has nearly 101,000 inmates in 56 major state prisons and numerous annexes and work camps. Laura Cassels is a reporter, former statehouse bureau chief, and former city editor. The previous BOP pilot program's criteria were too narrow, leading to the release of only about 80 people over a two-year period, out of a total prison population of over 210,000. She is a classical pianist, a Florida State University graduate and proud alum of the Florida Flambeau, an independent college newspaper. Download current and past years forms and instructions. He was also accused of using narcotics after a suicide attempt. Florida Senate - 2021 PROPOSED COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE Bill No. Read More: How to Write an Early Release Letter to a Judge. /Author (flanagan.sean) To initiate a request for release on grounds of compassion, a person must file a request with the warden. No prisoners have been released through its provisions. They would have re-established parole in Florida. According to records from the Florida Commission on Offender Review (FCOR), the agency that administers parole in the state, from 2015 to 2020, only 152 parole-eligible people out of 6,851 considered cases were granted parole, or less than two percent of the cases reviewed. 124 and to make the best use of state prisons so that violent Since 1980, there have been 148 prison clemency commutations approved by seven governors. READ: Feds considered housing thousands of unaccompanied migrant children at convention center, mayor says. >> Family photos courtesy of Karen Smith-Gates. As most states eased prison release rules during the pandemic, Florida granted parole for just one percent of nearly 4,000 eligible people. One of the bills that the reformers pushed this session was Senate Bill 472, which thankfully did not pass. Heres a good way to get yourself killed: sheriff says after group of motorcyclists flee deputies, Hobby Lobby employee in Oklahoma fatally shoots manager, later dies in car crash, Update: All lanes closed after multi-car crash on U.S. 192, according to traffic report, Florida bill guts local governments power to protect tenants, SEE: Brightline reaches maximum speed for first time.

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