Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. [16] 1981 - Zhou Feng becomes mayor. Discover the hidden gems. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. Copyright HangZhou.com.cn , All Rights Reserved. Since the construction of railways in Fujian province in the 1950s, Hangzhou has become the focus of rail traffic from the southeastern provinces to Shanghai. document.write(oTime.getFullYear()); Hangzhou's economy achieved 8% growth in 2017, with its GDP totalling RMB1,256 bn. From the 14th century its trade gradually shifted to Ningbo to the southeast on the southern shore of the bay and, in the 19th century, to the new city of Shanghai, some 100 miles (160 km) to the northeast at the mouth of the Yangtze. The level of their technology would not allow it, and various wars, famines, and disasters kept killing off the population. A chemical industry has also been established. The Ly Dynasty behaved as vassals, but the Song court thought that the country was weak enough to conquer. The Four Books were considered most important. He was well aware of the scientific progress made by his contemporaries and able to describe it well. The Song used varieties of gunpowder in rockets including multistage rockets, guns, cannons, chemical warfare weapons, and bombs. The document excerpted below,by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eightsquare miles in 1235.Document Excerpts with QuestionsFrom Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, edited by Patricia . He ensured that his educated courtiers and officials had more power in his government than did the military generals or rich lords. The court also desired the territory of the Western Xia in the northwest. Among the 338,000 new residents, the net inflow population accounted for more than 300,000, suggesting that Hangzhou is becoming a magnet for talent. The farmers were wealthier and better educated than in earlier eras, and agricultural manuals helped to disseminate the best techniques for rice cultivation. The location was excellent with a maritime port for seagoing vessels and astride the Grand Canal and internal waterways. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Or take a walk down Qinghefang Historic Street. But during the preceding Tang era and before, the Han people mainly ate wheat and millet as their staple grains. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Mongols created the largest contiguous empire the world has ever known. Captives and captured land were mutually exchanged. Zhejiang Official Secondary Normal School, Hangzhou Wahaha Nutritional Foods Factory, List of universities and colleges in Hangzhou, Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Zhejiang), List of first batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of second batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of third batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of fourth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, List of fifth batch of declared historic buildings in Hangzhou, Botanic Gardens Conservation International, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants", "From Popsicle Maker to Beverage Billionaire, China's Richest Man", "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants", "Hangzhou mayor Shao Zhanwei dies during NPC session", "Description of the Great City of Kinsay", The Authoritative Website of Hangzhou History and Culture | WWW.HICENTER.CN, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Hangzhou&oldid=1138536108, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from EB9, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [16] of China with those looking for a more authentic travel experience. The Song rulers retained their domains south of the Huai River and Yangtze along with most of the population. After about two decades more of warfare against the Mongols, the Song capital was taken in 1279, and the Song Dynasty era was ended. Hangzhou is also a national centre of higher education. The West Lake itself is a nice way to ground yourself in the history of the city with its beautiful views and scenic walks. The earlier empires developed around the Yellow River in the north where it was drier and colder. [14] 1966 - Hangzhou Gymnasium (arena) opens. However, he didn't discover the compass. The Northern Song Dynasty sought to defeat the Liao. Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) These years saw Hangzhou's golden age of prosperity as it became the capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty. This war ended in a stalemate also. They also learned to mass produce the fine porcelain. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? It was 360 feet (110 metres) tall! . The Song built several of the world's biggest cities that had ever existed up to that time. share interesting stories, insider information, and even create unexpected Using their printing technology, their publishing companies mass produced books and literature for popular consumption and education. If these figures are valid, it means that the regional population growth stagnated for about 1,000 years! [13] 1958 - Hangzhou Zoo opens. Over the millennium, it has withstood 38 earthquakes, 6 major floods (one of which destroyed an adjacent ancient temple complex), and many disasters and wars. First Taizu and then his descendants tried to address these foreign affairs issues. Your tour will be tailor-made by your personal travel advisor a destination The philosophy served to ensure that bureaucrats were loyal to the dynasties. China Daily | There were conflicts with the Viets in the south. Advanced waterworks: Major irrigation projects and canal building projects using advanced engineering techniques improved agriculture, transportation, food distribution and trade. With the rapid development of the economy and increase of population . The Jurchens made Kaifeng their capital and founded the Jin Empire (11151234). Many of the temples that you can visit today were built during this period. They forced the Northern Song Dynasty to give some tribute in 1005. Hangzhou is a city in China and had a population of 5,162,039 (including Xiaoshan and Yuhang) at the 2010 census, an increase of 4.8% per year since the 2000 census. We're a passionate team of one hundred avid travelers who love to share our Hangzhou continued to grow and prosper from its local industries, especially silk weaving, and became the center for silk production in all of China. Here the history of Hangzhou in brief. After a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals, the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. It was built almost 1,000 years ago in the year 1049 of brick and wood and utilizes the Han people's highly developed and rugged wooden architecture techniques to withstand the numerous big earthquakes that strike in the region. Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone approved. His policies helped to ensure that the officials were very intelligent, literate, and loyal to the government. It was tedious to make so many characters, and it was often easier just to carve wooden blocks to print with. Backlinks from other websites and blogs are the lifeblood of our site and are our primary source of new traffic. 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business. These two failed invasions weakened their military strength and the court's finances. In 1861, during the Taiping Rebellion (185064), the city fell to the rebels and suffered severe damage. Taizu was unusual for his time for the extent that he nurtured and promoted the educational system, scholarly rule, and scientific research in his empire. The Song liked to apply a dainty line of the roofs of their wooden buildings so that the eaves upcurved upwards at the corners in a distinctive way. European literacy and culture advanced rapidly. (2002 est.) This expedition was a disaster, and the Tanguts regained territory they had lost earlier. their way. He staffed his government with well-educated people. The proportion of residents aged between 16 and 59 years stood at 70.12 percent. Zhejiang province looks both north to the Yangzi and south-east to the sea. Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1644, 1616-1911). The data provided is for urban agglomeration. He set up the educational and administrative system not only for the Song Empire, but his educational and governmental policies set the precedent for the later dynasties. Corrections? Manage Settings Squeezed between two advancing armies, the last Jin emperor was defeated easily. Enjoy your personal local guide and ride. Some economists say the Song era was a time of technological and economic revolution. AuthorHUANG Yuxuan (Reporter) EditorWang Jian, Hangzhou Has a Permanent Population of 12.204 Million with an Average Age of 38. Neighboring Tianjin saw a more significant drop of more than 136,000. The Song Dynasty managed to win several military victories over the Tanguts in the early 11th century. If you can weave through the vendors, you can get a sense of what the city looked like in ancient times. The Song weaponry was the world's most advanced, and they had the greatest population of any empire that the Mongols tried to attack around the world, more than 100 million. The biggest Southern Song metropolises didn't have walls around them for protection and were more like modern cities. Currently, you are using a shared account. To fit these joint systems correctly, the Song architects and carpenters had to gauge the likely hazards and stresses the building was going to be face. The Neo-Confucian Classics were the Four Books and Five Classics (). 100% payment refund prior to 3 weeks before departure (. United Nations - World Population Prospects, Hangzhou, China Metro Area Population 1950-2023, The current metro area population of Hangzhou in 2023 is, The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2022 was, The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2021 was, The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2020 was. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. The Song ships were chained together, and this made them easy targets. Updates? Holidays in China in 2023, A Full List Is Here! Food, Train Stations The architecture of the Song era was noted for numerous tall structures. 1922 - Sisters of Charity Hospital founded. . It was thought that this made them more submissive and signified their family's status. Soon it will be possible to see the city of Hangzhou on the map. The population of Hangzhou in 1235 was 1.24 million. Movable type printing was one of the most important technologies of world history. Hangzhou has won the hearts of more and more young people in recent years. Favorable rules for peasants and farmers: The Song had a law that any farmer who planted on fallow land and paid taxes could own the land, and this encouraged peasants to become landowners. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. China Travel Restrictions 2023 & Travel Advisory. By using huge kilns and bellows, they could bake at extremely high temperatures as many as 25,000 pieces at one time. The permanent population of Hangzhou has reached 12.204 million with a birth rate of 7.6, a death rate of 4.7, an urbanization rate of 83.6%, and an average age of 38. To pass the examination, almost all bureaucrats needed to learn by heart the Four Books of the Neo-Confucian Classics. China, the world's second-largest economy and one of the world's most populous countries, is trying to get its citizens to have more babies. In 1235, his son gedei, who replaced him, called in a kurultai to decide on the future direction of the conquests. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation. In 1206, Temjin, an orphan and a former slave, united the many feuding clans which occupied the steppes to the north of China and took the title "Genghis Khan." Once this feat was accomplished he turned to military conquests abroad. Hangzhou is an economic centre of and export base for east-central China. The Song Empire enjoyed unprecedented economic growth. Visiting historical Hangzhou is slightly easier than in other large cities that have been developing at light-speed. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He wrote scientific treatises about his own cutting-edge research and about various fields that show advanced knowledge in several areas. What place does Hangzhou have in terms of population in China? [15] 1977 - Zhang Zishi becomes mayor. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. The new drought resistant rice from southeast Asia could grow at higher elevations and further north than the native rice. highlights! The trade allowed the Southern Song Empire to continue to be prosperous although they had lost a lot of land north of the Yangtze. These years saw Hangzhou's golden age of prosperity as it became the capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty. Download, Fun Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Shen Kuo (10311095) was one of the most important Song scientists. 2023/2024, Top 10 Tours: Two Song-era pagodas, Iron Pagoda and Pota Pagoda, can be visited in Kaifeng along with other ancient Song architecture in Hangzhou such as the Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou. But during the Southern Song era, most of the people lived in the south. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. He had never seen such wealth in the West. . 1277 - Hangzhou Salt Distribution Commission established. Neo-Confucianism was the religious belief and political philosophy that was developed by Song scholars. Pop. Hangzhou becomes increasingly powerful and prosperous. hangzhou population in 1235. pierre coste fils de claude jade 2022-06-29; hellsplit arena oculus quest 2 2022-02-23; etsy custom wallpaper 2020-11-03; fladgate vacation scheme apply 2020-10-28; consequences of backsliding 2020-10-28 In between, there was a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals before the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The urbanization rate, or the proportion of urbanites in the city's permanent resident population, stood at 83.6 percent at the end of 2021. The Song period (960-1276) was a time of economic growth, population growth, and urbanization. Electronics manufacturing has also become a major component of the citys economy. and Hangzhou's population increases as well as its regional power, serves as the capital for the Wuyue kingdom in the late tenth century. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? Backed by the new drivers of the information economy, Hangzhou enjoys an edge in the digital economy industries, including e-commerce, cloud computing and big data, information security, artificial intelligence and blockchain, which will potentially further increase the city's influence and attract more talent. China has 13 cities each of whose permanent-resident population exceeds 10 million. He is known for successful and daring military leadership and as the man who set up the foundations and traditions for the Song Empire to become the greatest on earth in that era. Take to the hills and visit some of the historical pagodas and temples. When people think of Chinese food, they usually think of rice dishes. See our 5-Day Hangzhou and Watertown Tour for tour ideas that we can extend for you to include Kaifeng. UN DESA. In the year 1234, the Song army joined the Mongol army in attacking the Jin Empire that had been fending off the Mongols for more than two decades. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. Rice didn't grow well there. Subsequently, although no longer a major port, it remained a commercial centre for domestic trade and was opened to foreign trade in 1896. For the urban elite, food was plentiful. Population: 784,000. Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province and home to Alibaba Group, recorded an estimated population of almost 10 million by the end of 2018, according to a metro newspaper owned by Hangzhou Daily Press Group. In the later Song period (9601279), northern China fell to the Jin (Juchen) dynasty (11151234); from 1127 the Song rulers were confined to southern China, and they made Hangzhou (then known as Linan) their capital. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Eleven cities, including Hangzhou, Qingdao and Wenzhou, have populations of 9-10 million. Local industry flourished and worship of Taoism and Buddhism peaked. The philosophy and religion differs from common Confucianism in that the scholars and rulers elevated rationalism and focused on the role of the emperors according to the ancient teaching of the Mandate of Heaven. The overall population grew from 50 million at the beginning of the Northern Song to about 118 million 167 years later in 1127, and it kept growing thereafter. It was a period of warfare and turmoil. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. city, 2,059,774; (2007 est.) Scientific Academies: He created academies that allowed a great deal of freedom of thought and discussion. Use Ask Statista Research Service. The Grand Canal, originating in Beijing, is extended to Hangzhou, thus linking the city to the most profitable trading route in China. Not learning from their clan history, the Southern Song rulers repeated the same mistake that destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty: They allied with an expansionistic, more dangerous enemy to jointly attack a weaker, stable, and less threatening enemy. He was multi-talented. For about 150 years, the result of the Song wars was stalemate. At the end of the Song Dynasty in 1277, the Song army used landmines against the Mongols. The varieties of gunpowder and gunpowder products were very important inventions. Han people thought that the stunted feet made the women more beautiful. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Chart. China This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Hangzhou, Hangzhou China - Official site of Hangzhou, Hangzhou - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Learn more about how Statista can support your business. On the 13 story Iron Pagoda for example, the eaves on the outside of the brick core were made by using suitably designed dougong ( dugng), a suitably loose joint system fitted for that particular structure, so that the building can ride out massive earthquakes with little or no damage. [16] 1978 - Hangzhou Teachers College founded. Average wages per month among full-time workers Japan 2012-2021, Number of foreign nationals Japan 2012-2021, Mean age of marriage Japan 1955-2020, by gender. Show publisher information [CDATA[ 2. Tours, Family The Song alchemists/chemists were especially good at concocting dozens of varieties of different kinds of gunpowder to use for different purposes. Its importance as a port dwindled, however, as Hangzhou Bay gradually silted up and as its outport, Ganpu, became useless. Arts and theater thrived. Song cities,centers of government and commerce, were among the largest cities of the world. 3-Day Zhongwei Desert Tour with Winery Experience, 17-DayRelaxing Tour of Both Ancient & Modern Flavor, 15-Day China's Ancient Cities and Celebrated Mountains, 4-Day Shanghai and Its Neighbors Tour by High Speed Train, Loyalty Since 1949 Hangzhou, though it has been carefully preserved as a scenic district and tourist attraction, has also developed into an industrial centre. Some peasants became wealthy farmers. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. In 1234, the Song army tried to reclaim the cities of Kaifeng and Beijing, but then the Mongols under Kublai Khan attacked them. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Mountains divide warm . Fast site work and constantly updated data. In, UN DESA. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2022 was 8,045,000, a 2.54% increase from 2021. (May 16, 2018). However many departures have been observed in the past months. Britannica Quiz Where on Earth is That? The Song used very high firing temperatures and learned to accurately shape their ceramics and apply such exquisitely beautiful artwork that it was the finest ceramic made in the world up to that time. According to a Hangzhou Municipal Statistics Bureau report, the city's population has grown rapidly over the past four years, up by 338,000 from 2017 to more than 9.8 million people by the end of 2018, a 3.57 percent increase. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be the most difficult to verify? The combination of a pleasant environment alongside business growth means Hangzhou is now one of the wealthiest cities in China with an estimated 153 people worth .

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